Damavand Mountain, Iran

Damavand Mountain, Iran

Damavand Mountain in Iran
Damavand Mountain is known as the highest peak in Iran and the highest volcano in the Middle East. This mountain is located on the central part of Alborz Range, south of the Caspian Sea and in Larijan section of Amol city.
Damavand Peak, which is located in Mazandaran Province, is visible from the cities of Tehran, Varamin and Qom, as well as the Caspian coasts, when it is clear and sunny. The nearest major city to this mountain is Larijan. Damavand mountain was listed as the first natural work of Iran on July 30, 2009 in Iran's National Heritage List.
Damavand mountain is also mentioned in Iranian mythology, and most of its fame is that Zahak (the tyrant king and his dragon), a famous character of Shahname-e Ferdowsi, had been imprisoned there. This myth and this mountain in general has been mentioned frequently in Persian literature.
Damavand mountain has hot springs of Larijan, Esq and Vane. The hot springs in Damavand Mountain are not the only hot springs in Iran, but as they are located near Tehran and are accessible for the millions of people living in Tehran, many people choose these places for their daytrips.

Damavand Peak Elevation
Various sources have cited different elevatons for Damavand peak. According to the National Statistical center of Iran, the height of Damavand Peak is 5610 meters. Other sources, including the National Iranian Geosciences Database and NASA's Earth Observatory Website, also mention the heights of 5670 meters and 5671 meters. The Persian Encyclopedia lists a list of six altitudes for the summit, ranging from 5543 to 6400 meters.

Relative Height of Damavand Peak
The relative height of Damavand mountain, measured by measuring the height of the peak relative to the lowest valley between this peak and the nearest highest peak, is 4667 meters, making it the 12th highest peaks in the world.
Among the peaks listed according to the relative altitude, after Everest, Aconcagua in Argentina, Denali in America, Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Vinson in Antarctica, Elbrus in Russia and Mont Blanc in Alps, Damavand mountain is the 12th independent peak in the world.
The relative elevation of this peak is higher than that of K2, Nanga Parbat, Kangchenjunga and many other peaks, indicating the prominence of Damavand volcanic mass relative to its surrounding territories. The main reason for visibility of the Damavand summit from such distances is its relative height.

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Nearest cities to Damavand peak
The summit is located 69 kilometers northeast of Tehran, 62 kilometers west of Amol and 26 kilometers north of Damavand.

Rivers around Mount Damavand
Tineh River on the north, Haraz River on the south and east, and Delichai River on the west are the surround Mount Damavand.

Damavand Mountain
Damavand Mountain is located on the east of Central Alborz Mountains (Mazandaran Province) in Alborz Range. Adjacent to the summit are the summits of Vararu, Sesang, the Yellow Flower, the Kaun (Dark Blue) and Mianrood.
Damavand is a volcanic mountain formed mainly during the fourth Holocene geological period and is relatively young. But the mountain is a dormant volcano that can be reactivated. In some years, including 2007, smoke and vapors have come out from the peaks, that could be evidence of the volcano's reactivation.
Damavand volcano crater has a diameter of about 400 meters. The central part of the crater is covered by a frozen lake covered by ice, and yellow smokes and vapors come out of some holes on the periphery of the crater. There are some older craters around the main crater. One of these is located in the southern side, where we can see outflow of gas and smoke.
Minus 4 degrees in the middle of summer, between noon and 4 pm is the hottest time of the year. At an altitude of 2000 to 3500 meters, the slopes are covered with red anemone flowers in spring.

Climate of Damavand Peak
The minimum temperature in Damavand altitudes ranges from minus 60 degrees Celsius (in winter) and minus one to two degrees (in summer). Wind speeds in Damavand mountain can sometimes exceed 150 km/h. Wind speeds in the foothills can sometimes reach 70 km/h. Most winds blow from the west and northwest.
The average rainfall in Damavand is 1400 mm per year and precipitation is usually snowy. The air pressure at Damavand Peak is half the sea level pressure.

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